Research Study - Prevalence of Listeria in Frozen Produce in England

A study out of the UK looked at the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in frozen fruits and vegetables sold at retail. Of the 1050 samples tested, "There were 78 samples (7%) from which L. monocytogenes was detected and 101 (10%) from which other Listeria species were detected. Neither L. monocytogenes nor other Listeria species were detected at levels of >100 cfu/g in any samples."

While these samples would be acceptable in the EU because the levels are not greater than 100 cfu/gm, these products would be not be acceptable in the US. Cooking would eliminate the pathogen, but the risk would arise if these items were used in a ready-to-eat application, and through preparation and storage, the organism was able to grow to higher levels.

This demonstrates the importance of control of Listeria in these types of operations. From a consumer perspective, there is the importance of following label instructions which normally requires cooking.

International Journal of Food Microbiology
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168160520303433
Occurrence of Listeria and Escherichia coli in frozen fruit and vegetables collected from retail and catering premises in England 2018–2019

Idaho Company Recalls Frozen Blackberries After FDA Test Finds Norovirus

WinCo Foods, LLC. of Boise, ID is recalling frozen Blackberries in a 16 oz. bag and frozen Berry Medley in 16 oz. and 32 oz. bags, manufactured by Rader Farms of Lynden, WA, because both products have the potential to be contaminated with Norovirus.   No customer illnesses have been reported to date. WinCo Foods was informed by the FDA that a sample of the product was tested by the FDA and found to be contaminated with Norovirus

https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/winco-foods-llc-recalls-frozen-blackberries-and-frozen-berry-medley-because-possible-health-risk
Winco Foods, Llc. Recalls Frozen Blackberries and Frozen Berry Medley Because of Possible Health Risk
Summary
Company Announcement Date:  March 13, 2020
FDA Publish Date:  March 13, 2020
Product Type:  Food & Beverages
Reason for Announcement:  Norovirus
Company Name:  WinCo Foods, LLC
Brand Name:  WinCo
Product Description:  Frozen Blackberries and Frozen Berry Medley

Frozen Berries Recalled After Sample Tested Positive for Hepatitis A

Wawona Frozen Foods is voluntarily recalling packages of frozen raspberries and frozen berry mixes containing raspberries sold at Aldi Grocery Stores and frozen raspberries sold at Raley's Family of Fine Stores because they have the potential to be contaminated with Hepatitis A.  Wawona Frozen Foods is issuing this voluntary recall out of an abundance of caution due to a positive test result taken as part of a government sampling program.  There have been no reported illnesses

https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/wawona-frozen-food-voluntarily-recalls-frozen-raspberries-due-possible-health-risk
Wawona Frozen Food Voluntarily Recalls Frozen Raspberries Due to Possible Health Risk
Summary
Company Announcement Date: October 30, 2019
FDA Publish Date: October 31, 2019
Product Type: Food & Beverages Fruit/Fruit Product
Reason for Announcement: Potential to be contaminated with Hepatitis A
Company Name: Wawona Frozen Foods
Brand Name: Season’s Choice, Raley’s
Product Description: Frozen raspberries, frozen berry mixes

Frozen Blackberries Recalled After FDA Testing Finds Norovirus

Cornerstone Premium Foods of Syracuse, New York is recalling a specific lot of product containing frozen blackberries (noted below) due to the potential of being contaminated with Norovirus. FDA testing of frozen blackberries was reported to have tested positive for Norovirus.

This is a concern because many will use berries in RTE applications, including making fruit smoothies.

https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/cornerstone-premium-foods-voluntarily-recalls-frozen-blackberries-due-possible-health-risk-norovirus
Cornerstone Premium Foods Voluntarily Recalls Frozen Blackberries Due to Possible Health Risk of Norovirus
Summary
Company Announcement Date: October 04, 2019
FDA Publish Date: October 04, 2019
Product Type: Food & Beverages Fruit/Fruit Product
Reason for Announcement: Norovirus
Company Name: Cornerstone Premium Foods
Brand Name: Cornerstone
Product Description: Frozen Blackberries

GA Establishment Recalls RTE Diced Chicken Linked to Listeria Outbreak in Canada

Tip Top Poultry, Inc., a Rockmart, Ga. establishment, is recalling approximately 135,810 pounds of fully cooked  frozen, diced, and mechanically separated ready-to-eat chicken products after it was s discovered on August 17, 2019, by Canadian Food Inspection Agency that may be adulterated with Listeria monocytogenes.  The Canadian buyer recalled their Rosemount branded product on August 19th.

https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/recalls-and-public-health-alerts/recall-case-archive/archive/2019/recall-085-2019-release
Tip Top Poultry, Inc. Recalls Fully Cooked Poultry Products due to Possible Listeria Contamination 
Class I Recall 
085-2019 
Health Risk:High 
Aug 20, 2019

Frozen Berries Recalled for Norovirus After FDA Testing Reveals Presence

Alma Pak of Alma, Georgia is recalling specific lots of product containing frozen blackberries (noted below) due to the potential of being contaminated with Norovirus. FDA testing of frozen blackberries was reported to have tested positive for Norovirus.

It appears that the recalls associated with viral contamination, in this case Norovirus, are triggered by FDA testing.  Hopefully, there is an investigation into how this contamination got there and with that, the types of controls that can be instituted.

https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/alma-pak-voluntarily-recalls-frozen-blackberries-due-possible-health-risk-norovirus
Alma Pak Voluntarily Recalls Frozen Blackberries Due to Possible Health Risk of Norovirus
Summary
Company Announcement Date: June 20, 2019
FDA Publish Date: June 20, 2019

Frozen Grilled Red Peppers Recalled After Sample Tests Positive for Listeria

UNFI is voluntarily recalling its 10 ounce packages of Woodstock frozen Organic Grilled Red Peppers after routine testing by the Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) revealed the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. Currently, one lot of product is being recalled, but the company has suspended production of the product while RIDOH and UNFI continue to investigate.


https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/unfi-recalls-its-woodstock-frozen-organic-grilled-red-peppers-because-possible-health-risk
UNFI Recalls its Woodstock Frozen Organic Grilled Red Peppers Because of Possible Health Risk
Summary
Company Announcement Date: June 19, 2019
FDA Publish Date: June 19, 2019

Frozen Chunk Avocado Recalled After FDA Discovers Positive Listeria in Sample

Nature's Touch Frozen Foods, a Canadian-based importer is recalling its frozen chunked avocado after FDA testing found Listeria in one of the bags they sampled.  The product was shipped to 15 states, all west of the Mississippi, and to numerous retailers.

Only one lot code was recalled...so far.

https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/natures-touch-frozen-foods-west-inc-voluntarily-recalls-signature-select-avocado-chunks-due
Nature’s Touch Frozen Foods (West) Inc. Voluntarily Recalls Signature Select Avocado Chunks Due to Potential Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination
Summary
Company Announcement Date: June 18, 2019
FDA Publish Date: June 18, 2019

Frozen Cut Spinach Recalled Due to Listeria Positive Product Samples

An AZ retailer is recalling its branded frozen cut spinach after random sampling revealed that finished products contained Listeria monocytogenes.  The product was manufactured by National Frozen Foods of Oregon.  One date code for both organic and conventional spinach was recalled.  Product was shipped to 19 states (AZ, CA, NV, UT, NM, CO, TX, KS, OK, MO, TN, AL, GA, FL, SC, NC, PA, MD, and VA)

As we have seen with so many of these recalls in the past, one may expect additional lots recalled if the company finds that additional product lots have contamination, thus indicating inadequate controls were in place.

While freezing restricts growth and proper cooking would eliminate the Listeria risk, the concern would be the use of spinach in applications where heating is limited or product is not heated at all (smoothies, spinach dip) or where there is the chance of cross contamination in the kitchen.

This is not National Frozen Foods first Listeria related recall.  In 2016, this company had the extensive recall with frozen peas and in 2018, there was a recall of frozen green beans.

FDA Recall Notice
https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/sprouts-farmers-market-recalls-frozen-cut-leaf-spinach-and-frozen-organic-cut-leaf-spinach-16oz
Sprouts Farmers Market Recalls Frozen Cut Leaf Spinach and Frozen Organic Cut Leaf Spinach 16oz. Packages Because of Possible Health Risk
Summary
Company Announcement Date :June 14, 2019
FDA Publish Date: June 17, 2019

Frozen Blackberries Recalled Due to Potential for Hepatitis A

FDA issued a consumer alert for frozen blackberries potentially contaminated with hepatitis A virus (HAV).    The notice states, "At this time, the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are not aware of any cases of hepatitis A linked to the consumption of Kroger Private Selection brand frozen blackberries."  Although nothing was stated, this indicates that someone who handled the product in the up-stream supplier chain had been diagnosed with Hepatitis A.

Kroger issued a recall for the frozen blackberries and the Triple Berry Medley.  The product was sold at Kroger stores.  Costco also recalled product that was shipped to 5 states.

The concern is that if the infected person contaminated the berries when handling the product, even a small amount on the frozen berries could make someone ill.   Of course, many of the berries would be eaten in the raw form.

https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/public-health-alert-concerning-hepatitis-virus-contamination-kroger-brand-frozen-blackberries
Public Health Alert Concerning Hepatitis A Virus Contamination of Kroger Brand Frozen Blackberries
June 7, 2019

Recall Issued After Supplier Ships Frozen Asparagus with Listeria Issue

The Pictsweet Company has recalled 1,872 cases of Pictsweet Farms 8-ounce Steam’ables Asparagus Spears after it was notified by the manufacturer that product suspected of containing Listeria monocytogenes was inadvertently shipped to The Pictsweet Company.

It is hard to know exactly how this happened.  Perhaps a test-and-hold program that didn't hold too well?  Or a sample was taken for testing and that lot of product was not held?  The next question is whether this supplier has a larger Listeria issue extending beyond this lot.

https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm625788.htm
The Pictsweet Company Recalls 8-ounce Steam’ables Asparagus Spears due to Potential for Listeria Monocytogenes
For Immediate Release
November 13, 2018

Frozen Vegetables from Canadian-based Frozen Food Company Responsible for Multiple Recalls in US

Numerous US companies have issued recalls after using frozen vegetables recalled by the supplier, McCain Foods, a Canadian based company at their California facility.  The products are being recalled for Listeria and Salmonella.    According to one news report, "As McCain Foods explained in a Friday e-mail to The Miami Herald, the company “recently identified a potential health risk related to its fire roasted, caramelized or sautéed frozen vegetable and fruit products produced at its Colton facility, California. As a result, we have made the decision to voluntarily recall all products produced at this facility."

Read more here: https://www.heraldsun.com/news/state/north-carolina/article220428265.html#storylink=cpy

• Product recalled include both RTE products and products that have cooking instructions.
• Recalled product includes various store brands produced by further processing companies including Trader Joe's, Whole Foods, Marketside.
• The statement does not indicate how the potential contamination issue was there.  One would guess testing because the statement indicates, 'out of an abundance of caution.
• Another indication the recall was found by testing is that it was for both Listeria and Salmonella...so this may indicate that a screening test was done
• There have been no illnesses to date.

Recalls posted thus far:

• Hy-Vee Voluntarily Recalls Several Meat and Potato Products - Hy-Vee, Inc., based in West Des Moines, Iowa, is voluntarily recalling six of its meat and potato products across its eight-state region
• 103-2018 Bakkavor Foods USA, Inc. Recalls Meat and Poultry Products due to Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination In Onions - Bakkavor Foods USA, Inc., a firm with establishments located in Carson, Calif., Charlotte, N.C. and Jessup, Penn., is recalling approximately 795,261 pounds of ready-to-eat meat and poultry products that contain an onion ingredient
• SK Food Group Recalls Chicken Products due to Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination in Vegetables - WASHINGTON, Oct. 19, 2018 – SK Food Group, a Groveport, Ohio and Reno, Nev. establishment, is recalling approximately 174,207 pounds of chicken wrap products that contain vegetables
• Buddy’s Kitchen, Inc. Recalls Pork and Chicken Products due to Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination in Vegetables - WASHINGTON, Oct. 19, 2018 – Buddy’s Kitchen, Inc., a Burnsville, Minn. establishment, is recalling approximately 212,746 pounds of ready-to-eat pork and chicken products that contain vegetables
• Envolve Foods Recalls Chicken and Beef Products due to Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination in Vegetables - Envolve Foods, a Corona, Calif. establishment, is recalling approximately 292,764 pounds of ready-to-eat chicken and beef products that contain a vegetable 
• Caito Foods, LLC Recalls Salad And Bowl Products Made With Chicken Due To Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination In Corn - Caito Foods, LLC, an Indianapolis, Ind. establishment, is recalling approximately 1,532 pounds of ready-to-eat salad and bowl products made with chicken that contain a corn ingredient
• Ruiz Food Products, Inc. Recalls Beef and Poultry Products due to Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination in Onion Ingredient -  Ruiz Food Products, Inc., a Denison, Texas, establishment, is recalling approximately 2,490,593 pounds of ready-to-eat meat and poultry taquitos
• GHSW, LLC Recalls Salad Products Due To Possible Salmonella And Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination In Corn - GHSW, LLC, a Houston, Texas establishment, is recalling approximately 1,786 pounds of ready-to-eat salad with chicken products that contain a corn ingredient 
• GHSE, LLC Recalls Salads Containing Meat Products due to Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination In Corn - GHSE, LLC, a Green Cove Springs, Florida establishment, is recalling approximately 738 pounds of ready-to-eat salad with meat products that contain a corn ingredient 
• Taylor Farms Northwest LLC Recalls Pork Carnitas Bowl Products due to Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination In Tomatillos -  Taylor Farms Northwest LLC, a Kent, Wash. establishment, is recalling approximately 276 pounds of ready-to-eat (RTE) pork carnitas bowl products that contain tomatillos
• Mary’s Harvest Fresh Foods, Inc. Recalls Wrap and Salad Meat Products due to Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination In Corn - Mary’s Harvest Fresh Foods, Inc., a Portland, Ore. establishment, is recalling approximately 916 pounds of ready-to-eat wrap and salad products that contain a corn ingredient 
• GH Foods CA, LLC Recalls Salads Containing Chicken Products due to Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination In Corn  - GH Foods CA, LLC, a Sacramento, Calif. establishment, is recalling approximately 987 pounds of ready-to-eat salad with chicken products that contain a corn ingredient
• Prime Deli Corporation Recalls Salads Containing Meat Products due to Possible Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination in Corn -  Prime Deli Corporation, a Lewisville, Texas establishment, is recalling approximately 217 pounds of ready-to-eat salad with bacon products that contain a corn ingredient

https://www.fda.gov/Food/RecallsOutbreaksEmergencies/SafetyAlertsAdvisories/ucm623828.htm
FDA Alerts the Public Regarding Recalled Vegetable Products
October 19, 2018

EU - Frozen Vegetable Processor Reopens, Listeria Contamination Source is Freezing Tunnel

A Hungarian frozen vegetable company is reopening after being linked to a large listeria outbreak where there were 47 cases with 9 deaths.

The company said they found a 'persistent presence' of the Listeria in the freezing tunnel.  Freezing tunnels are a difficult spot in frozen food facilities.  While Listeria would not be growing when frozen, it is during defrost cycles when growth would occur, or on the input side where warmer product enters the freezer.  Freezers are often huge with a large amount of chain belts that are difficult to clean.

The recall is said to have cost the company $35 million to restart the plant, but does not say this include costs associated with litigation or with recalled product.  The share price also dropped 38 percent, but the stock price did recover some.

Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-greenyard-contamination/greenyard-to-re-open-hungarian-plant-after-finding-listeria-cause-idUSKCN1LT0ZY
Greenyard to re-open Hungarian plant after finding listeria cause
September 13, 2018

Europe - Frozen Corn May Be Linked to Ongoing Listeria Outbreak

EFSA and ECDC have concluded that frozen corn has been the source of an ongoing Listeria outbreak.  The outbreak has affected 32 people with six deaths and has been ongoing since 2015.

EIN Newsdesk
https://www.einnews.com/pr_news/438245582/frozen-corn-likely-source-of-ongoing-listeria-monocytogenes-outbreak
Frozen corn likely source of ongoing Listeria monocytogenes outbreak
March 23, 2018

Frozen Corn Recalled Due to the Potential for Listeria Contamination

Two supermarket chains are recalling frozen corn after their supplier, Bonduelle, a French food conglomerate, had discovered a Listeria issue in the frozen corn.

According to the Enforcement Report, the product was from Canada.  The Listeria testing was conducted by the Virginia Department of Agriculture.  The recall was classified as Class 2.

https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm585550.htm
Stop & Shop Alerts Customers to Voluntary Recall of Store Brand Frozen Whole Kernel Sweet Corn
For Immediate Release
November 15, 2017

Frozen Green Beans Recalled Due to Positive Listeria Test

A Canadian firm with a US repack facility is recalling frozen green beans after Connecticut Dept of Consumer Protection found one Listeria positive sample.
Based upon information gleaned from a company write-up in Business View Magazine (Sept 2017) this product is probably not domestic.  And like all Listeria related outbreaks, it will be a question of whether more product will be pulled into the recall. Much of that will depend on the investigation into the packing facility's Listeria Control Plan.

This is the type of product that would fall under the Foreign Supplier Verification program with the foreign company being the FSVP Importer having the US facility.  And this is why the address in the announcement is the facility in Virginia.

In the Business View write-up, the following passage is interesting.  Clearly, they see their product as meeting ready-to-eat standards. As Lee Corso would say...'not so fast my friend'.

Another growing item of concern to Tentomas [company founder] is food safety. “There’s been a major shift change in both regulatory as well as consumer behavior in how we eat these products,” he states. “Consumers today are eating raw and frozen fruits and vegetables, putting them in their smoothies and putting them in their salads, and there have been some major recalls in 2016 for both frozen fruits and a massive one in frozen vegetables. So, the food safety landscape has changed significantly. And what you’re seeing is the industry looking at their product as truly ‘ready-to-eat.’ Therefore, we need to establish the food safety parameters that come with a ready-to-eat product. And we see more significant change coming in enforcing the guidelines. That’s going to be one major change that will be positive for consumers because it will result in dramatic decreases in potential contamination of frozen fruits and vegetables. As an industry, we have a tremendous responsibility in making sure that we improve the food safety profile as consumers are eating more and more of it.”

FDA Recall Notice
https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm584148.htm
Nature’s Touch Frozen Foods Voluntarily Recalls Nature’s Touch Frozen Organic Fine Whole Green Beans Because of Possible Health Risk
For Immediate Release
November 7, 2017

Frozen Peas Recalled for Possible Listeria Contamination

Pinnacle Foods is recalling frozen peas for potential Listeria contamination after "testing indicted the presence of Listeria in the retail environment".   Recalls were issued by the Department of Defense, Publix, and possibly other retailers, but nothing has yet been posted on the FDA website.

The fact the contamination was found at retail would indicate that it was not found by the company.  This may be the reason for the delay as the company tries to understand the scope of the recall.  Perhaps their own internal testing has not found anything, which can be certainly possible if the contamination level is low.

More will come on this issue.

Department of Defense News Room
https://www.commissaries.com/our-agency/newsroom/news-releases/birdseye-peas-recalled-due-possible-listeria-contamination
Birdseye Peas recalled due to possible Listeria contamination
October 2, 2017

Packaged Frozen Cherries from Turkey Recalled for Listeria

Sunrise Growers Inc. a subsidiary of SunOpta Inc’s subsidiary, is recalling frozen organic dark sweet pitted cherry products due to the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes.  The issue was discovered during routine testing by Sunrise Growers.

Not directly stated in the announcement is that the product is imported from Turkey (printed on package) and distributed within the US.  So this is a supplier control issue, and knowing how well the packer of this product controls Listeria in the processing environment.  The distributor did testing, but it appears that product had already been distributed.  So was a sample and hold procedure in place?

While Listeria will not grow on the frozen cherries, the concerns would be related to the level of Listeria on the cherries and how the application for using cherries. The risk increases with a higher level of Listeria present and if the cherries will be used in 1) RTE applications such as a fruit smoothie and 2) in a matrix that will allow for growth, (if the blended smooth has a sufficient PH and 3) that product will be held for a sufficient time to allow for growth...someone leaves that smoothie on their desk all day.

FDA Recall Notice
https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm572971.htm
Recall of Certain Frozen Organic Dark Sweet Pitted Cherry Products Due to Possible Contamination by Listeria Monocytogenes
For Immediate Release
August 23, 2017

Salmonella Outbreak in Canada Associated with Raw Frozen Breaded Chicken

In Canada, there have been 7 cases of Salmonella linked to frozen raw breaded chicken products.

Over the past few years, we have seen Salmonella outbreaks associated with raw breaded chicken (1, 2, 3 ).  In fact, FSIS issued an alert after the the Aspen Foods Salmonella-in-breaded chicken outbreak.   As was pointed out each time, there are a few issues - 1) the product is frozen, so when the consumer begins with frozen product, they may not cook it long enough in order to achieve the proper internal temperature. Along with this, many people do not use a thermometer in order to ensure that temperature is met, and  2) breaded products often look like they are fully cooked. This is because the par-cooking that sets the breading gives it a finished cooked appearance.  

So even though companies may post cooking instructions on the package, there must be controls in place to limit, even to the point of elimination, the risk of Salmonella.  This includes controlling Salmonella in the process environment, preventing growth through tight temperature control, and par-frying it well.

National Post
http://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/7-sickened-by-salmonella-related-to-raw-frozen-breaded-chicken-in-4-provinces/wcm/b6d34f2d-8e03-4289-abac-17a8c7e84dc2
7 sickened by salmonella related to raw frozen breaded chicken in 4 provinces

Frozen Peas Recalled After Sample Tests Positive for Listeria

A Wisconsin frozen food company is recalling frozen peas after product was tested by the State of Florida and found to contain Listeria.

While we would expect that someone would cook frozen peas, which if done according to instructions, would eliminate Listeria, people may not always do that.  Or they may use them as raw in specific applications such as pea salad or in a smoothie.

FDA Recall Notice
https://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/default.htm
Lakeside Foods, Inc. Recalls Season's Choice Frozen Sweet Peas Because of Possible Health RiskFor Immediate Release
April 11, 2017