According to the CDC, the US has not made progress on reducing the incidence of Salmonella infections over the past 15 years. In fact, there has been an increase of 10% over recent years. Illnesses from other foodborne pathogens, namely E. coli, have decreased.
Why?
· There are numerous sources of Salmonella – from wild birds to reptiles to farm animals.
· It has the ability to survive in dry environments.
· Many strains have a low infectious dose.
· Infection can result in severe diarrhea, lasting for days, and in some cases, leading to life threatening situations.
In all, this organism has a higher likelihood of being present to take advantage of any lapses in our handling and preparation of food - from the farm, to processing, to retail or foodservice, and to the consumer’s home. Increased regulatory presence may be one part of the picture, but there also needs to be compliance all along the food chain - Good Agricultural Practices in the field, GMPs and HACCP in the processing sector, and proper handling and preparation by retail and foodservice establishment employees as well as by the consumer.
There is still an amazing amount of people who don’t use a thermometer or know proper cooking temperatures, or that don’t properly clean to prevent cross contamination, especially washing fruit and veggies from the field (where birds poop). Salmonella is adapted to take advantage of these miscues, whether it is a tub of peanut butter open to cross contamination, a cantaloupe from a field where manure was improperly applied, or a chicken that was improperly cooked on the grill.
No Progress in Salmonella During Past 15 Years
Food safety annual report card targets hard-to-prevent infection
Salmonella infections have not decreased during the past 15 years and have instead increased by 10 percent in recent years, according to a new Vital Signs report released today by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. During the same time period, illnesses from the serious Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 have been cut nearly in half and the overall rates of six foodborne infections have been reduced by 23 percent, the report said.
The Vital Signs report summarizes 2010 data from CDC's Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), which serves as America's report card for food safety by tracking whether nine of the most common infections transmitted through foods are increasing or decreasing.
"Although foodborne infections have decreased by nearly one-fourth in the past 15 years, more than 1 million people in this country become ill from Salmonella each year, and Salmonella accounts for about half of the hospitalizations and deaths among the nine foodborne illnesses CDC tracks through FoodNet," said CDC Director Thomas R. Frieden, M.D., M.P.H. "Salmonella costs hundreds of millions of dollars in direct medical costs each year. Continued investments are essential to detect, investigate, and stop outbreaks promptly in order to protect our food supply."
Salmonella, which is responsible for an estimated $365 million in direct medical costs each year in the United States, can be challenging to address because so many different foods like meats, eggs, produce, and even processed foods, can become contaminated with it and finding the source can be challenging because it can be introduced in many different ways.
In response to that challenge, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which regulates eggs, produce and many processed foods, has developed new rules for the egg industry to follow under its recently expanded regulatory authorities.
"Last summer, FDA began implementing new shell egg safety requirements that should significantly reduce illnesses caused by Salmonella enteritidis in eggs," said FDA Deputy Commissioner for Foods Michael R. Taylor. "The recently enacted Food Safety Modernization Act wisely mandates a comprehensive approach to preventing illnesses from many types of Salmonella and a wide range of other contaminants that can make people sick. The current outbreak of E. coli in Europe demonstrates the importance of the new law, and FDA is committed to implementing the new law as fully as possible within available resources."
In 2010, FoodNet sites, which include about 15 percent of the American population, reported nearly 20,000 illnesses, 4,200 hospitalizations and 68 deaths from nine foodborne infections. Of those, Salmonella caused more than 8,200 infections, nearly 2,300 hospitalizations and 29 deaths (54 percent of the total hospitalizations and 43 percent of the total deaths reported through FoodNet). CDC estimates that there are 29 infections for every lab-confirmed Salmonella infection.
The rate of E. coli O157 cases reported by FoodNet sites was 2 cases per 100,000 people in 1997 and, by 2010, had decreased to .9 cases per 100,000 people. The nearly 50 percent reduction in E. coli O157 incidence is considered significant when compared to the lack of change in Salmonella incidence. CDC credits the reduction in E. coli to improved detection and investigation of outbreaks through CDC's PulseNet surveillance system, cleaner slaughter methods, testing of ground beef for E. coli, better inspections of ground beef processing plants, regulatory improvements like the prohibition of STEC O157 in ground beef and increased awareness by consumers and restaurant employees of the importance of properly cooking beef. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, the agency that regulates meat, has led these efforts.
"Thanks to our prevention based approach to food safety, as well as industry and consumer efforts, we have substantially reduced E. coli O157 illnesses," said Elisabeth Hagen, M.D., Under Secretary for Food Safety in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. "This report demonstrates that we've made great progress. However, far too many people still get sick from the food they eat, so we have more work to do. That is why we are looking at all options, from farm to table, in-order to make food safer and prevent illnesses from E. coli, Salmonella, and other harmful pathogens."
The pathogens included in the overall 2010 rate reduction of 23 percent when compared to 1996-1998 are: campylobacter, E. coli STEC O157, listeria, Salmonella, vibrio and yersinia. Rates of vibrio infection were 115 percent higher than in 1996-1998, and 39 percent higher than in 2006-2008. Most vibrio infections are the result of eating raw or undercooked shellfish.
People who want to reduce their risk of foodborne illness should assume raw chicken and other meat carry bacteria that can cause illness and should not allow them to contaminate surfaces and other foods, such as produce. While it's important to wash produce thoroughly, they should never wash meat and poultry. They should also cook chicken, other meats, meat, poultry, and eggs thoroughly well, avoid consuming unpasteurized milk and juice as well as and unpasteurized soft cheese, and make sure shellfish are cooked or treated for safety before eating.
About FoodNet
FoodNet is a collaboration of CDC, ten state health departments, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service, and the Food and Drug Administration. FoodNet collects information to analyze foodborne disease trends and track rates of laboratory-confirmed illnesses caused by Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Listeria, Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 and non-O157, Shigella, Vibrio and Yersinia. Annual data are compared with data from 2006-2008 and with data from the first years of surveillance (1996-1998) to measure progress. FoodNet covers 46 million people, or about 15 percent of the American population. The sites are the states of Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, Oregon, and Tennessee, and selected counties in California, Colorado, and New York.
About Vital Signs
CDC Vital Signs is a report that appears on the first Tuesday of the month as part of the CDC journal Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). Vital Signs is designed to provide the latest data and information on key health indicators—cancer prevention, obesity, tobacco use, alcohol use, HIV/AIDS, motor vehicle safety, health care-associated infections, cardiovascular health, teen pregnancy, asthma, and food safety.
