If raising chickens in the backyard, keep them in the backyard. Letting them in the house, cuddling with them, or smooching them is not a good idea. Wash hands after handling poultry. This is especially true for children.
CDC Outbreak Report
Four Multistate Outbreaks of Human Salmonella Infections Linked to Live Poultry in Backyard Flocks
July 1, 2015
Highlights
CDC, public health, veterinary, and agriculture officials in many states and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) are investigating four multistate outbreaks of human Salmonella infections linked to contact with live poultry.
- As of June 29, 2015, 181 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella have been reported from 40 states.
- 33 ill people have been hospitalized. No deaths have been reported.
- Epidemiologic, laboratory, and traceback findings have linked these four outbreaks of human Salmonella infections to contact with chicks, ducklings, and other live poultry from multiple hatcheries.
- Eighty-two (86%) of the 95 ill people who were interviewed reported contact with live poultry in the week before their illness began.
- CDC’s National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System(http://www.cdc.gov/narms/) (NARMS) laboratory conducted antibiotic resistance testing on Salmonella isolates collected from seven ill people infected with one of the outbreak strains.
- All seven isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested on the NARMS panel.
- Antibiotic resistance testing continues on additional isolates collected from ill people infected with the outbreak strains.
- Backyard flock owners should take steps to protect themselves and their families:
- Always wash hands thoroughly with soap and water right after touching live poultry or anything in the area where the birds live and roam.
- Do not let live poultry inside the house.
- Learn about additional recommendations(http://www.cdc.gov/features/salmonellapoultry/index.html) to prevent Salmonella infections from live poultry. These recommendations are important and apply to all live poultry, regardless of the age of the birds or where they were purchased.
- Mail-order hatcheries, agricultural feed stores, and others that sell or display chicks, ducklings, and other live poultry should provide health-related information(http://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/publications/index.html) to owners and potential purchasers of these birds prior to the point of purchase. This should include information about the risk of acquiring a Salmonella infection from contact with live poultry.
- Read the advice to mail-order hatcheries and feed stores(http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/live-poultry-04-13/advice-consumers.html) and others that sell or display live poultry.
July 1, 2015
CDC is collaborating with public health, veterinary, and agriculture officials in many states and with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) to investigate four multistate outbreaks of human Salmonella infections linked to contact with live poultry.
Public health investigators are using the PulseNet(http://www.cdc.gov/pulsenet/) system to identify illnesses that may be part of these outbreaks. PulseNet is the national subtyping network of public health and food regulatory agency laboratories coordinated by CDC. DNA "fingerprinting" is performed on Salmonella bacteria isolated from ill people by using a technique called pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(http://www.cdc.gov/pulsenet/pathogens/pfge.html), or PFGE. PulseNet manages a national database of these DNA fingerprints to identify possible outbreaks. A total of nine DNA fingerprints (outbreak strains) are included in these four outbreak investigations.
In the four outbreaks, a total of 181 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella have been reported from 40 states as of June 29, 2015. The number of ill people identified in each state is as follows: Alabama (17), Arizona (3), Arkansas (4), California (3), Colorado (2), Delaware (2), Georgia (4), Indiana (3), Iowa (1), Kentucky (4), Louisiana (2), Maine (2), Maryland (4), Massachusetts (1), Michigan (3), Minnesota (6), Mississippi (13), Missouri (1), Montana (3), Nevada (2), New Hampshire (1), New Jersey (3), New Mexico (2), New York (6), North Carolina (3), Ohio (15), Oklahoma (1), Oregon (5), Pennsylvania (12), South Carolina (10), South Dakota (2), Tennessee (6), Texas (5), Utah (4), Vermont (2), Virginia (11), Washington (6), West Virginia (2), Wisconsin (1), and Wyoming (4).
These outbreaks can be illustrated with a chart showing the number of people who became ill each day. This chart is called an epidemic curve or epi curve. Illnesses that occurred after June 1, 2015, might not yet be reported due to the time it takes between when a person becomes ill and when the illness is reported. This takes an average of 2 to 4 weeks. Please see the Timeline for Reporting Cases of Salmonella Infection(http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/reporting_timeline.html) for more details.
In interviews, ill people answered questions about contact with animals and foods consumed during the week before becoming ill; 82 (86%) of the 95 ill people interviewed reported contact with live poultry (e.g., chicks, chickens, ducks, ducklings) before becoming ill. Sixty-four ill people who had purchase records available reported purchasing live baby poultry from 17 different feed supply stores and hatcheries in multiple states. Ill people reported purchasing live poultry for backyard flocks to produce eggs or meat, or to keep as pets. Many ill people in these outbreaks reported bringing the live poultry into their homes, and others reported kissing or cuddling with the live poultry. These behaviors increase a person’s risk of a Salmonella infection.
Preliminary findings of multiple traceback investigations of live baby poultry from homes of ill people have identified multiple hatcheries as the source of chicks and ducklings. These investigations are ongoing.
The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) is a U.S. public health surveillance system that tracks antibiotic resistance in foodborne and other enteric bacteria found in people, raw meat and poultry, and food-producing animals. NARMS is a partnership among the CDC, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and state and local health departments.
The NARMS human surveillance program(http://www.cdc.gov/narms/index.html) at CDC monitors antibiotic resistance in Salmonella and other bacteria isolated from clinical specimens submitted to NARMS by public health laboratories. CDC's NARMS laboratory conducted antibiotic resistance testing on clinical isolates collected from seven ill people infected with one of the outbreak strains; all seven isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested on the NARMS panel. CDC's NARMS laboratory continues to conduct antibiotic resistance testing on additional clinical isolates collected from ill persons infected with the outbreak strains. Results will be reported when they become available.
CDC and state and local public health partners are continuing laboratory surveillance through PulseNet(http://www.cdc.gov/pulsenet/) to identify additional ill people and to interview them. CDC will provide updates when more information is available. Summaries of each of the four outbreak investigations are provided below.
Outbreak 1: Salmonella Enteritidis Investigation
As of June 29, 2015, 40 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Enteritidis have been reported from 16 states. The number of ill people identified in each state is as follows: Arizona (1), Georgia (2), Indiana (1), Maine (1), Minnesota (5), New Hampshire (1), Ohio (10), Oklahoma (1), South Carolina (2), Tennessee (1), Texas (2), Utah (3), Vermont (2), Virginia (4), Washington (3), and Wyoming (1). Two DNA fingerprints (outbreak strains) are included in this investigation.
Among the people who reported the date they became ill, illnesses began between January 6, 2015 and June 13, 2015. Ill people range in age from younger than one year to 81 years, and the median age is 41. Fifty-two percent of ill people are female. Among the 14 ill people with available information, 3 (21%) have been hospitalized. No deaths have been reported.
Outbreak 2: Salmonella Hadar Investigation
As of June 29, 2015, 69 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Hadar have been reported from 30 states. The number of ill people identified in each state is as follows: Arizona (2), Arkansas (2), California (1), Colorado (1), Delaware (2), Iowa (1), Kentucky (1), Louisiana (2), Maine (1), Maryland (3), Massachusetts (1), Michigan (1), Minnesota (1), Missouri (1), Montana (3), New Jersey (2), New Mexico (1), New York (1), North Carolina (2), Ohio (3), Oregon (4), Pennsylvania (11), South Carolina (3), South Dakota (2), Texas (2), Virginia (7), Washington (3), Wisconsin (1), West Virginia (1), and Wyoming (3). One DNA fingerprint (outbreak strain) is included in this investigation.
Among the people who reported the date they became ill, illnesses began between February 24, 2015 and June 11, 2015. Ill people range in age from younger than one year to 89 years, and the median age is 37. Fifty-one percent of ill people are female. Among 30 ill people with available information, 19 (63%) have been hospitalized. No deaths have been reported.
Outbreak 3: Salmonella Indiana Investigation
As of June 29, 2015, 56 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Indiana have been reported from 16 states. The number of ill people identified in each state is as follows: Alabama (17), Arkansas (2), California (2), Colorado (1), Georgia (2), Maryland (1), Mississippi (13), Nevada (2), New Jersey (1), New Mexico (1), New York (5), North Carolina (1), Oregon (1), South Carolina (5), Tennessee (1), and Texas (1). Five DNA fingerprints (outbreak strains) are included in this investigation.
Among the people who reported the date they became ill, illnesses began between February 20, 2015 and June 11, 2015. Ill people range in age from younger than one year to 82 years, and the median age is 2. Fifty-two percent of ill people are female. Among the 28 ill people with available information, nine (32%) have been hospitalized. No deaths have been reported.
Outbreak 4: Salmonella Muenchen Investigation
As of June 26, 2015, 16 people infected with the outbreak strains of Salmonella Muenchen have been reported from eight states. The number of ill people identified in each state is as follows: Indiana (2), Kentucky (3), Michigan (2), Ohio (2), Pennsylvania (1), Tennessee (4), Utah (1), and West Virginia (1). One DNA fingerprint (outbreak strain) is included in this investigation.
Among the people who reported the date they became ill, illnesses began between and April 4, 2015 and June 5, 2015. Ill people range in age from younger than one year to 75 years, and the median age is 21. Sixty-three percent of ill people are female. Among eight ill people with available information, two (25%) have been hospitalized. No deaths have been reported.
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